"The CIA"

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian intelligence agency of the United States government. It is the successor of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) formed, during World War II, to coordinate espionage activities between the branches of the US military services.

The National Security Act of 1947 established the CIA, affording it "no police or law enforcement functions, either at home or abroad."

"Map of the cold war"

Countries that participated in the Cold War: United States, Soviet Union, China, North and South Korea, Cuba, Italy, Vietnam, Germany, Egipt, Lybia, Iran.

Carlos Castillo Armas

Carlos Castillo Armas was an army officer who became President of Guatemala after a military coup in 1954 overthrew President Jacobo Arbenz. The Castillo family came from modest means and when Carlos joined the Army it offered one of the only ways to achieve social mobility in Guatemala.

Castillo gained the reputation of being a tough, brave, and persistent man. His differences with Arbenz came from the president's social reforms that included an agrarian reform and a pro-labor union stance. Castillo established his rebel army in neighbouring Honduras and received financial and material support from the American CIA. His rebel army invaded Guatemala in June, 1954 successfuly overthrowing Arbenz.

Ronald Reagan

On February 6, 1911, Ronald Wilson Reagan was born to Nelle and John Reagan in Tampico, Illinois. He attended high school in nearby Dixon and then worked his way through Eureka College. There, he studied economics and sociology, played on the football team, and acted in school plays. Upon graduation, he became a radio sports announcer. A screen test in 1937 won him a contract in Hollywood. During the next two decades he appeared in 53 films.

In 1986 Reagan obtained an overhaul of the income tax code, which eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. At the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without recession or depression.

Ronald Reagan viewed with satisfaction the achievements of his innovative program known as the Reagan Revolution, which aimed to reinvigorate the American people and reduce their reliance upon Government. He felt he had fulfilled his campaign pledge of 1980 to restore "the great, confident roar of American progress and growth and optimism."

Richard Nixon

Born in California in 1913, Nixon had a brilliant record at Whittier College and Duke University Law School before beginning the practice of law. In 1940, he married Patricia Ryan; they had two daughters, Patricia (Tricia) and Julie. During World War II, Nixon served as a Navy lieutenant commander in the Pacific.

Reconciliation was the first goal set by President Richard M. Nixon. The Nation was painfully divided, with turbulence in the cities and war overseas. During his Presidency, Nixon succeeded in ending American fighting in Viet Nam and improving relations with the U.S.S.R. and China. But the Watergate scandal brought fresh divisions to the country and ultimately led to his resignation.

For more information sonsult this website:

http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents/RichardNixon/

Salvador Allende

Salvador Allende was born in Valparaiso, Chile, in 1903. As a medical student he became involved in radical politics and he was arrested several times while at university.
In 1933 Allende helped to found the Chilean Socialist Party, a Marxist organization that was opposed to the Soviet Union influenced Communist Party.

Allende was an unsuccessful candidate for president in 1952, 1958 and 1964. When he was elected as president in 1970 he became the first Marxist to gain power in a free democratic election. The new government faced serious economic problems. Inflation was running at 30 per cent and over 20 per cent of the male adult population were unemployed. It was estimated that half of the children under 15 suffered from malnutrition.

The CIA arranged for Michael V. Townley to be sent to Chile under the alias of Kenneth W. Enyart. He was accompanied by Aldo Vera Serafin of the Secret Army Organization (SAO). Townley now came under the control of David Atlee Phillips who had been asked to lead a special task force assigned to remove Allende.

AUGUSTO PINOCHET

He was a Chilean army general and head of state. He was the Commander in Chief of the Chilean army from 1973 to 1998, President of the Government Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981 and President of Chile from 1974 until the return of democratic rule in 1990.
He studied to became an officer and was a professor of the War Academy in Chile. At the beginning of 1972, he was appointed General Chief of Staff of the Army. In 1973, he was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Chilean Army by socialist president Salvador Allende.

The government also implemented economic reforms, including the privatization of several state controlled industries and the rollback of many state welfare institutions.

These policies were initially very successful in recovering economic growth, and are often called "the economic miracle" of the military regime in Chile, but they dramatically increased inequality and some attribute the devastating effect of the 1982 monetary crisis in the Chilean economy to these policies.